ROUTERS

ROUTERS: Are they key players in managing the internet traffic. They always ensure that data should reach at the correct address. Internet is also known as a packet-switched network because it uses TCP/IP.

The next big question arises, "who controls the Internet ?" Let us understand the need of controlling the internet and the autonomous bodies responsible for this task.

" The internet , a loosely-organized international collaboration of autonomous, interconnected networks,supports host to host communication through voluntary adherence to open protocols and procedures by internet standards.

packet switching ?

Packet switching: is a digital networking communication method which breaks the large data into suitably sized blocks, known as packet. The IP is responsible for sending these packets to the right address by assigning them a  sequence number. The packets are sent to a local internet service provider. From here the packets travel through multiple levels of networks, computers and communication lines before reaching the destination. This destination may be our own town or anywhere across the globe. When the information packets reach the destination computer, the TCP, with the help of packet switching, again assembles the packets into asingle message.

How does internet work ?

HOW DOES INTERNET WORK:- There are two approaches to understand the working of internet. The first approach analyzes the concept with respect to a standalone computer while the second focuses on the concept from the prospective of a network.
APPROACH 1:client-server/Architecture: In order to understand the functioning of the internet, we must know the client-server architecture on which the internet is based.
Client: Clients are PCs or workstations on which users run applications. It carries out the user's/client's request to the server and displays the results sent by the server.
Server: Servers are powerful computers, which provide data or information resource available on the internet to the client. They are called servers because they serve the client with services which are available on the internet. Clients and servers communicate over a computer network on a separate hardware. A server is a host that runs one or more server programs to share its resources with a client.The communication session between a client and a server is initiated by the client. Server responds to the requests from the client by sending desired information to the client. 

WHAT IS EXTRANET ?

EXTRANET: An extranet can be viewed as an extension of a company's intranet that is extended to users, outside the company, usually partners, vendors, and suppliers. An extranet cannot grant access to the complete network of an organization,but only provides access to the required services. For example, if a person wants to purchase an airline ticket from a private airline, he/she can access the airline's website and can book the ticket.

WHAT IS INTRANET ?

INTRANET: Intranet stands for Internet Restricted Access Network.  It refers to a computer network within an organization. An itranet uses the Internet protocol technology to share files and resources of the organization securely. The private information of an organization cannot be accessed by any outside person as it is protected by firewall. For employees of the same airlines are interlinked with each other through the intranet.

History of internet ?

History of internet : Do you want to know which organization is responsible for the emergence of Internet ? Let us have a comprehensive overview of the history of Internet.
The internet originated with the development of computers during the period from 1950s and 1960s.
In 1957, the USSR (Union of soviet socialist Republics) launched Sputnik, the first artificial satellite. In response to this technological achievement, the US department of defense established Advance 
Reasearch project Agency (ARPA) This agency facilitated the technical research.

• In 1969, the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) designed a network of four computers to exchange and share their data. The first official network nodes were UCLA (university of california, Los Angeles); SRI (Standford Research Institute), UCSB (university of california, santa barbara), and the university Utah. The first node to node message was sent from UCLA to SRI. This network was called ARPANET (Advanced Research project agency network). The purpose was to distribute information between geographicall dispersed computers. Later on. US Department of Defense allowed the Universities to join this network for sharing hardware and software resources. The internet grew in leaps and bounds during the 1970s.
• In 1971, more nodes joined the network. These new nodes included harvard and NASA.
• In 1974, data was transmitted more efficiently with the development of TCP ( Transmission control protocol and later on IP ( internet protocol ) technology ws developed.
• In 1982, Internet technology protocols were used, commonly known as TCP/Ip(Internet protocol).This led to one of the first definations of internet. being a connected set of networks.
• Tim Berners-Lee developed the WWW (world wide web) in 1991.
• Earlier, internet ws used by engineers, scientists and computer experts for research purpose. Gradually the network was made accessible to private agencies and general public. people started using it for sending messages and files between the computers.
• The organizational structure of Internet has steadily evolved; after around four decades of internet users in india alone and 1 billion users around the world.
• In india, internet services started on 15th aug 1995 through a govt owned company VSNL (videsh sanchar nigam limited). Private Internet services providers like Airtel,Reliance, Sify, Tata etc. have also been allowed to provide internet services.

what is network ?

what is network : A network is a collection of computers that are
connected to each other with the help of cables or satellites to share information around the world.

what is internet ?

INTERNET :- Internet stands for international Network of computers. It is the largest information base and has become a vital part of our lives. Internet is changing the world even in more radical ways than we ever think. Tasks that were once done mostly through personal interaction such as banking, shopping or communication can now be done online.
Using Internet, we can share data and information across the globe instantly. Internet has made the world smaller, and a better place to live in. Today the buzzword is only INTERNET. The network of internet is getting wider with every passing day. To analyze how fast the use of internet is growing, justpick any newspaper or magazine and carefully observe the advertisements given in them. You would realize that almost every single company has its website listed in addition to its address and telephone numbers. Every organization is making its presence felt on the Internet.

praveen computer.com

praveen computer.com

what is web portal ?

web portal :- A web portal is a web page which contains links to other websites. A portal presents
information from diverse sources in a unified way. When we use search engines like Yahoo, Google etc. a few web pages open. These web page contain links to other websites.  A web portal does not contain information on any topic but suggests web pages to the user to find the desired information.
web portals offer services like e-mail, information, news, entertainment, stock prices etc. Some examples of portals are Yahoo ! i Google and MSN.

WHAT IS HOMEPAGE ?

HOMEPAGE : - The first page of a website is called the home page. The home page contains the main information about  a website. It contains the links to other parts of the website. It may be the only page of the website. The URL of the home page also serves as the URL of the Website. For example, http://www.microsoft.com
The website of Microsoft has an address or URL as shown above.
We should set the most frequently used website as our home page. This saves our precious time.

what is website ?

WEBSITE: - A website is a collection of related web pages containing images, videos or other digital
media and set under the same domain name, which is the address of the website. These pages are written in Hyper Text Mark Up Language and can be accessed via Internet. A web site is hosted on a web server on the world wide web. Each site is owned and managed by an individual, company or organization.

what is web page

web page : - A web page is written using HTML and is stored on a web server. It is a digital page which may contain text, hyper link, videous, audios, images, tables etc. Each web page is identified by a unique web address called Uniform resource locater (URL).

what is HTML

HTML : - html stands for HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE. This language is used to create
web pages. HTML elements are the basic building blocks of a web page. It is used to set structure,
layout and appearance of a web page o  the world wide web. The html page can display text, graphic
and use hyperlinks to interact with other web pages. Hyperlinks are highlighted text or images that connect to other pages on the web.

what is column

what is column ?
1)column headings A to XFD 16,384.
2)A column is a vertical series of cells in a chart, table, or spread
sheet.
3)total columns are 16,384

spread sheet

spread sheet : - An electronic document in which data is arranged in the rows and columns and can be used in calculations. which sheet arranged in rows and columns.

introducing excel

INTRODUCING EXCEL :- Microsoft  office excel is a computer program used to enter, analyze,
 and present quantitative data and also called as spread sheet software from the microsoft office.
 often used in business for budgetin

Router and courses

COMPUTER PARTS

COMPUTER PARTS

COMPUTER PARTS 

1. MONITER 
2. KEYBOARD
3. MOUSE 
4. PRINTER
5. MOTHER BOARD 
6. RAM 
7. ROM
8. HARD DISK DRIVE 
9. PEN DRIVE 
10. LIGHT PEN
11. JOY STICK
12. PRINTER
13. PLOTTER
14. USB
15. PROJECTER
16. MICRO SPEAKER
17. HARD DISK EXTERNAL
18. SCANNER
19. CPU
20. MICRO PHONE
21. WEB CAM 
22. SPEAKERS
23. CAMERA
24. HEAD PHONE
25. GRAPHIC CARDS
26. CD 
27. DVD
28. POWER SUPPLY
29. PCI SLOT
30. SOUND CARD 
31. VIDEO CARD
32. INPUT
33. OUTPUT
34. MEMORY
35. PROCESSING
36. INTEL PROCESSOR 
37. 
    

COMPUTER ABREVIATIONS

COMPUTER ABREVIATONS   

CPU = CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT 

RAM = RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY 

ROM = READ ONLY MEMORY 

CD   = COMPACT DISK  ( 700 MB STORED DATA ) 

DVD = DIGITAL VERSATILE DISK ( IT IS STORED IN THE 4.7 GB DATA) 

URL = UNIVERSAL RESOURCE LOCATER 

SIM  = SUBSCRIBE IDENTITY MODULE 

GOOGLE = GLOBAL ORGANISATION ORIENTED GROUP LEVEL LANGUAGE OF EARTH 

HTTP = HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCAL 

HTML = HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE 

SQL = STRUCTURE QUERY LANGUAGE 

USB = UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS 

COMPUTER FULL FORMS

COMPUTER FULL FORM S  

C = COMMONLY
O = OPERATED
M = MACHINE
P   = PURPOSE
U  = USED
T  = TECHNICAL
E  =  EDUCATION
R  =  RESEARCH

CTRL + =  SUBSCRIPT

CTRL+SHIFT+ =  SUPERSCRIPT

SHORT CUT KEYS

CTRL F = FIND 

CTRL G = GOTO  

CTRL H =  REPLACE

CTRL  I = ITALIC 

CTRL  J = ITALIC 

CTRL  K = HYPER LINK

CTRL  L = LEFT ALIGNMENT 

CTRL  M = INDENT THE PARAGRAPH

CTRL  N = NEW FILE 

CTRL  O = OPEN FILE 

CTRL  P = PRINT 

CTRL  R = RIGHT ALIGNMENT

CTRL  S = SAVE 

CTRL  T = CREATE A HANGING INDENT 

CTRL  U = UNDER LINE

CTRL  V = PASTE 

CTRL W= CLOSE THE DOCUMENT 

CTRL  X = CUT 

CTRL  Y  =REDO THE LAST ACTION 

CTRL  Z  = UNDO 

Computer short cut keys

ctrl+A =select all
ctrl+B = bold
ctrl+C =copy
ctrl+D =open font preference window